वाटहीन धारा का क्या अर्थ है

वाटहीन धारा का क्या अर्थ है

वाटहीन धारा का क्या अर्थ है (Wattless Current)

यदि किसी परिपथ में केवल शुद्ध प्रेरकत्व या शुद्ध धारिता है तथा प्रतिरोध का मान शून्य है,

तो प्रत्यावर्ती वोल्टेज और धारा में 90° (या π/2) का कलान्तर होता है।

इस स्थिति में परिपथ की और शक्ति

Pav = Vrms x Irms x Cos 90°

या

Pav = 0.     [cos 90° = [0]

इस प्रकार यदि किसी प्रत्यावर्ती धारा परिपथ में केवल शुद्ध प्रेरकत्व या शुद्ध धारिता है

 तथा परिपण का प्रतिरोध शून्य है, तो परिपथ में धारा तो प्रवाहित होती है

किन्तु परिपथ में ऊर्जा का क्षय बिल्कुल नहीं होता।

परिपथ की इस धारा को वाटहीन धारा कहते हैं।

व्यवहार में ऐसा होना असंभव है, क्योंकि कोई भी परिपथ प्रतिरोधहीन नहीं होता।

परिपथ के कुण्डली, संधारित्र एवं संयोजी तारों का कुछ प्रतिरोध अवश्य होता है।

चित्र  में शुद्ध प्रेरकत्व प्रत्यावर्ती परिपथ के लिये तात्कालिक धारा I तथा वोल्टेज V एवं शक्ति P के खींचे गये हैं,

जिससे यह स्पष्ट होता है कि औसत शक्ति P शून्य है।

एक चौथाई चक्र में प्रेरकत्व प्रत्यावर्ती धारा स्त्रोत से ऊर्जा लेकर चुम्बकीय क्षेत्र के रूप में संचित करता है।

अगले चौथाई चक्र में प्रेरकत्व का चुम्बकीय क्षेत्र शून्य हो जाता है अर्थात् अपनी ऊर्जा लौटा देता है।

इस प्रकार, प्रेरकत्व स्रोत से कोई ऊर्जा नहीं लेता।

इसी प्रकार शुद्ध संधारित्र वाले परिपथ में भी प्रथम चौथाई चक्र में प्रत्यावर्ती स्रोत से जितनी ऊर्जा लेता है,

अगले चौथाई चक्र में स्रोत को लौटा देता है।

वाटहीन धारा

यही कारण है कि प्रत्यावर्ती धारा-परिपथ में धारा नियंत्रण के लिए प्रेरकत्व अथवा धारिता का उपयोग करते हैं।

इसके लिये प्रतिदीप्ति नलिकाओं में चोक कुण्डली तथा पंखों में संधारित्र का उपयोग किया जाता है।

अधिक जानें –

विद्युत् धारा का प्रवाह

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आवेश उत्पत्ति का इलेक्ट्रॉनिक सिद्धान्त

विद्युत् बल रेखाएँ –

चालक और विद्युतरोधी

परावैद्युत माध्यम (Dielectrics)

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