सल्फ्यूरिक अम्ल के उपयोग (H₂SO₄)
Table of Contents
सल्फ्यूरिक अम्ल के उपयोग –
H₂SO₄ बहुत से उद्योगों , रसायनों , उर्वरक , प्रयोगशालाओं आदि में अत्यधिक प्रयुक्त होता है , इसलिए इसे ‘रसायनों का राजा‘ (King of chemicals) कहा जाता है।
वर्तमान में किसी देश की प्रगति का आधार ही H₂SO₄ की खपत हो गया है।
H₂SO₄ के कुछ उपयोग निम्नलिखित हैं –
1. रसायन उद्योग में कई रसायन और अन्य उद्योगों के लिए आवश्यक आधारभूत पदार्थ बनाने में।
2. रंजक (Dyes) , दवा , विस्फोट , डिटर्जेंट , प्लास्टिक आदि बनाने में।
3. उर्वरक बनाने में , जैसे- अमोनियम सल्फेट व कैल्शियम सुपर-फॉस्फेट।
4. पेट्रोलियम शोधन , सल्फोनीकरण , निर्जलीकरण आदि में।
5. कई धातुओं के धातुकर्म में।
6. संचायक बैटरियाँ बनाने में।
7. ट्राइनाइट्रो टॉलूईन (T.N.T.) , नाइट्रोग्लिसरीन , ट्राइनाइट्रो फीनॉल आदि विस्फोटकों के निर्माण में।
8. कृत्रिम रेशम , फोटोग्राफी की फिल्म , पेण्ट आदि के निर्माण में।
9. प्रयोगशाला में महत्वपूर्ण अभिकर्मक के रूप में।
10. कोलतार तथा चर्म उद्योग में।
याद रखिए –
सधूम सल्फ्यूरिक अम्ल SO₃ में विलेय होकर ओलियम बनाता है।
H₂SO₄ + SO₃ ⇔H₂S₂O₇
सल्फर डाइऑक्साइड के उपयोग SO₂ –
1. सल्फ्यूरिक अम्ल और सल्फाइटों के निर्माण में।
2. कागज उद्योग , चीनी उद्योग और विरंजन में।
3. कृमिनाशक।
4. प्रतिक्लोर (antichlor) के रूप में।
5. प्रशीतकों में एवं द्रवीभूत SO₂ कार्बन विलायक के रूप में।
6. विरंजन के रूप में।
7. ऊन तथा सिल्क का रंग उड़ाने में।
8. द्रव SO₂ , फॉस्फोरस और आयोडीन के विलायक के रूप में।
क्यूप्रिक सल्फेट ( नीला थोथा ) CuSO₄ . 5H₂O के उपयोग –
1. चूने के साथ मिलाकर बोर्डों (Bordaenx) मिश्रण बनाता है , जो कीटाणुनाशक है।
2. विद्युत् सेलों में , विद्युत् लेपन तथा विद्युत् मुद्रण में।
3. कपड़ों की रंगाई और छपाई में।
4. औषधियों में तथा ताँबे के अन्य लवण बनाने में।
5. जल के परीक्षण में तथा परिशुद्ध ऐल्कॉहॉल बनाने में।
6. विद्युत् अपघटनी विधि द्वारा Cu के शोधन में।
ब्रूस्टर का नियम (Brewester’s law )
अनुदैर्ध्य तरंग में ध्रुवण क्यों नहीं होता ?
आवेशों का संरक्षण किसे कहते हैं
क्लोरीन के उपयोग (Uses of chlorine)
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