Gerund meaning , definition , example, exercise

Gerund meaning

Gerund meaning – (Verb First form + ing)

A Gerund is that form of the verb which ends in – ing and has the force of a noun and a verb.

Gerund meaning

[Gerund verb की first form में ing जोड़कर बनाया जाता है तथा वह Verb + Noun का कार्य करता है।] जैसे –

Read + ing = Reading

I like reading poetry.

Gerund का प्रयोग Noun के समान किया जा सकता है। उपर्युक्त उदाहरण में reading object के रूप में प्रयोग हुआ है। अत: Noun के रूप में प्रयोग हुआ है।

निम्न उदाहरणों में Noun व Verb दोनों की तरह प्रयोग हुआ है।

(1) Giving is better than receiving.

(2) Seeing is believing.

चूँकि Gerund में Noun व Verb दोनों के गुण होते हैं अतः हम उसे Verbal Noun कह सकते हैं।

(1) Gerund Noun है अतः इसके पहले article ‘the’ का प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।

जैसे –

The writings of Shakespeare rank very high in English.

(2) इसके साथ possessive case लगता है। जैसे –

I do not like your talking too much.

(3) जब किसी Gerund को शुद्ध Noun बनाना हो तो उसके पहले the तथा बाद में of लगाते हैं।

For example –

The hunting of Tiger is a sport.

(4) कभी-कभी Gerund + Noun आये तो वह Adjective का काम करता है। ऐसी स्थिति में for लुप्त रहता है। जैसे –

I have a walking stick.

यहाँ पर Walking Stick का अर्थ (a stick that walks) चलने वाली छड़ी नहीं है, बल्कि ऐसी छड़ी जिसके सहारे चला जाय (a stick for walking) है।

Other examples –

1. Tom bought a dining table.

2. Asha Wastes hours before a looking glass

3. I have no reading room .

उपर्युक्त से निम्न तात्पर्य है –

1. A dining table = A table for dining.

2. A looking glass = A glass for looking in.

3. A reading room = a room for reading.

इस प्रकार के Gerunds को (V+ing + Noun compound word) को कुछ (N.)

• Grammarians (व्याकरण वेत्ता) Present participle की श्रेणी में रखते हैं क्योंकि परवर्ती (following) संज्ञा (Noun) की विशेषता बताते हैं अर्थात् Adjective (विशेषण) का कार्य करते हैं।

(5) Infinitive के समान ही Gerund का प्रयोग भी Noun के समान हो सकता है। कुछ Verbs ऐसी हैं, जिनके साथ infinitive का प्रयोग होता है तथा कुछ ऐसी verbs हैं,

जिनके Gerund का तथा कुछ verbs के साथ infinitive तथा Gerund दोनों को Object के रूप में प्रयोग कर सकते हैं।

(A) वे Verbs जिनके साथ Object के रूप में हमेशा Infinitive का प्रयोग होता है।

For example – He agreed to wait.

• अन्य verbs जिनके साथ हमेशा infinitive का प्रयोग होता है

Ask, attempt, choose, claim, consent, decide, deserve, determine, expect hope, learn, long, Manage, mean, offer, pretend, fail, hesitate, neglect, prepare refuse, seem, try, vow.

(B) कुछ ऐसे Verbs जिनके साथ Object के रूप में हमेशा Gerund का प्रयोग होता है।

Ex. – I don’t mind your smoking here.

Other Verbs –

Acknowledge, admit, avoid, consider, deny, dislike, enjoy, favour, finish, help, keep, mind, miss, postpone, practice, stop, suggest.

Gerund meaning

Ex-(1) Tom acknowledged making a mistake.

(2) Anita admitted telling a lie.

(3) Asha avoided seeing the principal.

(4) Tom considered approaching the Prime Minister.

(5) He denied using force.

(C) कुछ ऐसे Verb हैं जिनके साथ Object के रूप में Infinitive व Gerund दोनों आ सकते हैं। जैसे

(i) I hate telling a lie.

Or

(ii) I hate to tell a lie.

इन प्रयोगों का अर्थ भिन्न हो सकता है। जैसे –

(i) He stopped to smoke. (तात्कालिक) – उस समय धूम्रपान बन्द कर देना।

(ii) He stopped smoking. (सदैव के लिए)- धूम्रपान की आदत हो छोड़ देना।

Other Verbs – Can’t bear, begin, cease, continue, dislike, fear, forget, hale intend, like, love, mean, neglect, prefer, propose, recollect, regret, remember, start try.

Exercise 1

Fill in the blanks with the correct form (gerund or infinitive) of the verb given in the brackets:

1. I hope…….. this time. (pass)

2. I never meant……….his order. (disobey)

3. Please finish……….. I don’t mind……… (Eat, wait)

4. He managed……… the station in time. (reach)

5. Would you mind………. a little ? (move)

Ans.

1. I hope to pass this time.

2. I never meant disobeying him.

Or

I never meant to disobey him.

3. Please finish eating. I don’t mind waiting.

4. He managed to reach the station.

5. Would you mind moving a little.

Exercise 2

Combine the pairs of sentences with the help of Gerund into a complex sentence turning one of them into a non-finite clause and putting preposition before it:

Ex. (a) Anil drinks milk..

(b) Then Anil goes to bed.

Anil drinks milk before going to bed.

1. (a) I sell books.

(b) I earn my living that way.(by)

2. (a) Asha was punished.

(b) She was late for school.(for being)

3.(a) Arun washed his hands.

(b) Then he sat down for his meal.(after)

4. (a) The thief saw the policeman.

(b) The thief began to run.(after)

5.(a) Sunita painted the best picture.

(b) She won a prize for it.(for)

6. (a) He was praised by all.

(b) He won a prize.(for)

7. (a) I don’t like you.

(b) You abuse your parents.( Your abusing)

8. (a) I have no objection.

(b) you can consult him.(to consulting)

9. (a) The teacher punished the boy.

(b) He rang the bell.

10. (a) India became free in 1947.

(b) She is making progress after that. (After)

Ans.

1. I earn my living by selling books.

2. Asha was punished for being late for school.

3.Arun sat down for his meals after washing his heads.

4.The thief began to run after seeing the policeman.

5.Sunita got a prize for painting the best picture.

6.He was praised by all for winning a prize.

7. I don’t like your abusing your parents.

8. I have no objection to consulting him.

9.The teacher punished the boy for ringing the bell.

10.India is making progress after becoming free in 1947.

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