लेंस (Lens) किसे कहते हैं ?
Table of Contents
लेंस (Lens) किसे कहते हैं ?
परिभाषा :-
दो पृष्ठों से घिरे हुए उस पारदर्शी माध्यम को लेंस (Lens) कहते हैं , जिसका एक पृष्ठ गोलीय होता है
तथा दूसरा पृष्ठ गोलीय या समतल होता है।
लेंस के प्रकार :-
लेंस दो प्रकार के होते हैं –
(1). अवतल लेंस (Concave Lens)
(2). उत्तल लेंस (Convex Lens)
(1). अवतल लेंस (Concave Lens) :-
ये लेंस बीच में पतले तथा किनारों पर मोटे होते हैं।ये तीन प्रकार के होते हैं –
(a). उभयावतल लेंस (Double-Concave Lens) :-
इसके दोनों पृष्ठ अवतल होते हैं।
(b). समतल-अवतल लेंस (Plano-Concave Lens) :-
इसका एक पृष्ठ समतल तथा दूसरा पृष्ठ अवतल होता है।
(c). उत्तल – अवतल लेंस (Covexo-Concave Lens):-
इसका एक पृष्ठ उत्तल तथा दूसरा पृष्ठ अवतल होता है।
(2). उत्तल लेंस (Convex Lens):-
ये लेंस बीच में मोटे तथा किनारों पर पतले होते हैं।
ये तीन प्रकार के होते हैं –
(a). उभयोत्तल लेंस ( Double-Convex Lens):-
इसके दोनों पृष्ठ उत्तल होते हैं।
(b). समतलोत्तल लेंस (Plano-Convex Lens):-
इसका एक पृष्ठ समतल तथा दूसरा पृष्ठ उत्तल होता है।
(c). अवतलोत्तल लेंस (Concavo-convex Lens):-
इसका एक पृष्ठ अवतल तथा दूसरा पृष्ठ उत्तल होता है।
लेंसों में चिन्ह परिपाटी (Sign Convention) :-
निर्देशांक चिन्ह परिपाटी :-
1. प्रकाश की किरण सदैव बायीं ओर से आपतित ली जाती है।
2. प्रत्येक दूरी लेंस के प्रकाश केन्द्र से नापी जाती है।
3. आपतित किरण की दिशा में नापी गई दूरियाँ धनात्मक तथा विपरीत दिशा में नापी गई दूरियाँ ऋणात्मक होती है।
4. मुख्य अक्ष के लम्बवत् वस्तु तथा प्रतिबिम्ब की लम्बाईयाँ अक्ष के ऊपर की ओर धनात्मक तथा नीचे की ओर ऋणात्मक होती है।
निर्देशांक बिन्दु परिपाटी के अनुसार ,
उत्तल लेंस की फोकस दूरी धनात्मक तथा अवतल लेंस की फोकस दूरी ऋणात्मक होती है।
इसके अतिरिक्त वस्तु की दूरी u ऋणात्मक , आभासी प्रतिबिम्ब के लिए v ऋणात्मक तथा वास्तविक प्रतिबिम्ब के लिए v धनात्मक होता है।
[ चूंकि लेंस में आभासी प्रतिबिम्ब वस्तु की ओर तथा वास्तविक प्रतिबिम्ब दूसरी ओर बनते हैं। ]
प्रिज्म से अपवर्तन (आंकिक प्रश्न ) –
प्रिज्म से अपवर्तन ( अभ्यास प्रश्न ) –
गोलीय पृष्ठ पर प्रकाश का अपवर्तन –
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