प्रकाशिक तन्तु
Table of Contents
प्रकाशिक तन्तु , पूर्ण आन्तरिक परावर्तन पर आधारित एक ऐसी युक्ति है
जिसकी सहायता से प्रकाश सिगनल को उसी तीव्रता के साथ टेढे़- मेढ़े मार्ग से अल्प दूरी या लम्बी दूरी तक ले जाया जा सकता है।
बनावट :-
एक प्रकाशिक तन्तु प्रदर्शित किया गया है। इसके तीन भाग होते हैं –
1. क्रोड (Core) :-
केन्द्रीय भाग को क्रोड कहते हैं जो एकसमान अपवर्तनांक वाले काँच या प्लास्टिक के बहुत से तंतुओं से बना होता है।
प्रत्येक तन्तु का व्यास लगभग 0.0001 होता है।
2. क्लैडिंग (Cladding) :-
इस केंद्रीय भाग के ऊपर क्रोड के अपवर्तनांक (1.7) से कम अपवर्तनांक (1.5) के पदार्थ की परत होती है ,
जिसे क्लैडिंग कहते हैं।
3. सुरक्षात्मक जैकेट (Protective Jacket) :-
सबसे बाहरी आवरण या परत जिसे सुरक्षात्मक आवरण कहते हैं , यह विद्युत् रोधी पदार्थ का बना होता है।
प्रकाशीय तन्तु सीधा या टेढ़ा-मेढ़ा हो सकता है।
कार्यविधि :-
जब प्रकाश , तन्तु के एक सिरे पर छोटे कोण पर आपतित होता है तो वह तन्तु के अंदर गुजरने लगता है।
इसका तन्तु और क्लैडिंग के अन्तरापृष्ठ से बार बार पूर्ण आन्तरिक परावर्तन होता है ,
क्योंकि आपतन कोण का मान क्लैडिंग के सापेक्ष तन्तु के क्रान्तिक कोण से अधिक होता है।
इस प्रकार कई बार पूर्ण आन्तरिक परावर्तन के पश्चात प्रकाश अन्त में दूसरे सिरे से उतनी ही तीव्रता के साथ बाहर निकल जाता है।
किसी वस्तु के विभिन्न भागों से चलने वाली प्रकाश किरणें विभिन्न तन्तुओं से गुजरती हैं
और अन्त में सभी प्रकाश किरणें पुनः मिलकर वस्तु का उतनी ही तीव्रता का प्रतिबिम्ब बनाती हैं।
उपयोग :-
1. चिकित्सा और प्रकाशीय जाँच में प्रकाश नली की भाँति इसका उपयोग किया जाता है।
प्रकाशिक तन्तुओं की सहायता से फेफडों के आन्तरिक भाग तथा
शरीर के अन्य भागों , जिनको प्रत्यक्ष रूप से नहीं देखा जा सकता , का अध्ययन किया जाता है।
2. प्रकाशीय सिगनलों के प्रेषण (Transmission) के लिए इनका उपयोग किया जा सकता है।
3. चिकित्सा उद्देश्य के लिए शरीर के अंदर लेसर किरणों को ले जाने के लिए प्रकाशिक तन्तुओं का उपयोग किया जा सकता है।
4. इनका उपयोग उन विद्युत् सिगनलों के प्रेषण और.ग्रहण के लिए किया जाता है ,
जो किन्हीं साधनों से प्रकाश में परिवर्तित कर दिये जाते हैं।
एनालॉग तथा डिजिटल संचार किसे कहते हैं ?
विमॉडुलन(Demodulation ) किसे कहते हैं ?
मॉडुलन (Modulation ) किसे कहते हैं?
इण्टरनेट (Internet) किसे कहते हैं?
सेलफोन (Cellphone) किसे कहते हैं?
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